Bone Cancer

Cancerous solid bone tumors (primary bone cancer) originate directly in the bone tissue, as opposed to secondary bone cancers, which spread to the bones from other parts of the body. Primary bone cancer is relatively rare, but several distinct types and subtypes exist.

Symptoms

Bone cancer symptoms may include persistent bone pain, swelling, tenderness, and fractures. As the tumor grows, it can cause pain or discomfort, especially with movement. In advanced stages, bone cancer can lead to weakness, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.

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Risk Factors

Risk factors for bone cancer include a family history of bone cancers, certain inherited genetic disorders (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome), previous radiation therapy to the bones, and age (with some types more common in children and young adults). Treatment for bone cancer typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy, depending on the tumor type and its stage. Early detection is essential for improving the likelihood of successful treatment.

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Subtypes of

Bone Cancer

Osteosarcoma (OS)

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Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone cancer. It arises from osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and usually occurs in the long bones of the arms and legs. Osteosarcomas are particularly common in children and young adults, especially during periods of rapid bone growth.

Subtypes:

Conventional Osteosarcoma
Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
Small Cell Osteosarcoma
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma

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Chondrosarcoma is a cancer that arises in cartilage cells, most commonly in the pelvis, femur, or shoulder. It typically affects adults over 40 years old and can be slow-growing, but it is more resistant to chemotherapy than osteosarcoma.

Subtypes:

Conventional Chondrosarcoma
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

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Ewing’s sarcoma is a highly aggressive bone cancer that most often affects children and young adults. It commonly arises in the pelvis, thighs, or chest wall but can occur in any bone.

Subtypes:

Classic Ewing's Sarcoma of Bone
Extraskeletal/Extraosseous Ewing’s Sarcoma
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)

Fibrosarcoma of the bone

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Fibrosarcoma is a rare form of bone cancer that develops from fibrous tissue, the connective tissue that forms bones. It can affect both adults and children but is more common in adults.

Subtypes:

Primary Fibrosarcoma of Bone
Secondary Fibrosarcoma

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH)

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This is a soft tissue tumor that can occur in the bone as well as other parts of the body, such as the muscles and connective tissue.

Subtypes:

Primary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone
Secondary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Chordoma

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Chordoma is a rare type of bone cancer that develops in the cells of the notochord, a structure involved in early spinal development. It typically occurs in the spine, base of the skull, or sacrum.

Subtypes:

Skull Base Chordoma
Spinal Chordoma

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.