Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a group of diseases that develop in the breast tissue. It is primarily divided into two main categories: invasive breast cancers and non-invasive breast cancers. These can be further categorized into different types and subtypes based on their characteristics, including how they spread, their cell structure, and the molecular features of the tumor.

Symptoms

Breast cancer symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage of cancer but commonly include a persistent lump in the breast or underarm, changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast, unexplained pain in the breast or nipple, skin changes such as redness or dimpling, and nipple discharge other than breast milk. Earlystage breast cancer may not present noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screening is recommended for individuals at high risk.

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Risk Factors

The most significant risk factor for breast cancer is gender, as women are much more likely to develop the disease than men. Age is also a crucial factor, with risk increasing as a woman gets older, particularly after age 50. Other risk factors include a family history of breast cancer, genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2, hormonal factors such as early menstruation or late menopause, and lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, and being overweight or obese.

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Subtypes of

Breast Cancer

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

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IDC is the most common type of breast cancer, making up about 70-80% of all invasive breast cancers. It starts inthe milk ducts and then spreads to surrounding tissue.

Subtypes:
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Grades I, II, & III

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)

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The second most common type of invasive breast cancer, ILC starts in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and then spreads to surrounding tissue. It can be more difficult to detect with mammography and tends to present as a thicker area in the breast.

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Subtypes:
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Classic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Signet Ring Cell Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

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Also non-invasive, LCIS starts in the lobules and is considered a marker for increased risk of invasive breast cancer.

HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

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Characterized by an overexpression of the HER2 protein, this subtype can be more aggressive but may respond to targeted therapies.

Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) Breast Cancer

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Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) breast cancer refers to a type of breast cancer in which the cancer cells have receptors for certain hormones, namely estrogen and/or progesterone, on their surface. These hormones can fuel the growth of the cancer cells.
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Subtypes:
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Estrogen Receptor-Positive (ER+)
Progesterone Receptor-Positive (PR+)

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

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A non-invasive form, DCIS is confined to the milk ducts and has not spread to surrounding tissue. While not life threatening, it can increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer in the future.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC)

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A rare but aggressive form of breast cancer, IBC grows rapidly and causes the breast to become red, swollen, and warm. The cancer cells block the lymphatic vessels in the skin of the breast.

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Subtypes:
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Classic Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Non-classical Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Medullary Breast Cancer

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A rare and less aggressive type of invasive breast cancer that is characterized by a large, well-defined tumor surrounded by a boundary of immune cells. It tends to have a better prognosis than other invasive breast cancers.

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Subtypes:
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Classic Medullary Carcinoma
Atypical Medullary Carcinoma

Paget's Disease of the Breast

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A rare form of breast cancer that begins in the ducts and spreads to the skin of the nipple. Paget's disease typically presents as a skin rash, which may be mistaken for an infection.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)

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A more aggressive subtype of breast cancer that does not express the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or HER2 protein. It tends to grow faster and is more likely to spread than other types.

Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast

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Tubular carcinoma is a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma that accounts for about 2% of breast cancers. It is typically a low-grade, well-differentiated form of cancer, meaning it grows slowly and has a better prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes.

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Subtype:
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Classic Tubular Carcinoma
Atypical Tubular Carcinoma

Phyllodes Tumor

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Phyllodes tumors are rare breast tumors that account for less than 1% of all breast cancers. These tumors can be benign, borderline, or malignant. Malignant phyllodes tumors are more likely to spread to other parts of the body than benign forms.

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Subtypes:

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Benign Phyllodes Tumor
Borderline Phyllodes Tumor
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.