Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus (womb) that connects to the vagina. It occurs when healthy cells in the cervix begin to change and grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Cervical cancer typically develops slowly over time, often beginning with precancerous changes in the cells of the cervix, which may go undetected if not screened. If untreated, these abnormal cells can become cancerous and spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body.

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Symptoms

In early stages, cervical cancer often has no symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, unusual discharge, and pelvic pain or discomfort during sex. In advanced stages, if the cancer spreads, symptoms can include leg swelling, back pain, or urinary issues. These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so consulting a healthcare provider is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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Risk Factors

The main risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, especially strains 16 and 18. Smoking, a weakened immune system (e.g., from HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive medications), and having multiple sexual partners increase the risk. Early sexual activity, long-term oral contraceptive use, and a history of STIs also raise the risk. A family history of cervical cancer or previous cervical dysplasia can increase susceptibility. HPV vaccination and regular screenings help reduce risk.

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Subtypes of

Cervical Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cervical)
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Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cervical cancer, accounting for about 70-90% of cases. It arises from the thin, flat cells (squamous cells) that line the outer part of the cervix (the ectocervix).

Subtypes:

  • Non-keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinomas of the cervix
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Adenocarcinomas of the cervix account for about 10-20% of cervical cancers. These cancers develop from the glandular cells in the cervix, which are responsible for producing mucus. Adenocarcinomas are more likely to occur in the endocervix, the inner part of the cervix, which is harder to detect in routine Pap smears.

Subtypes:

  • Endocervical Adenocarcinoma
  • Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
  • Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Other Rare Types of Cervical Cancer
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In addition to the two main types, there are also several rare subtypes of cervical cancer, though they make up less than 5% of cases.

Subtypes:

  • Small Cell Carcinoma
  • Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
  • Adenosquamous Carcinoma
  • Carcinoid Tumors
  • Transitional Cell Carcinoma
  • Melanoma
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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.