Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It primarily consists of two main types: nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). These types have various subtypes, each with its distinct characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment strategies.

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Symptoms

Early lung cancer often presents with persistent coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include coughing up blood, wheezing, and unexplained weight loss. In advanced stages, individuals may experience fatigue, hoarseness, and swelling in the face or neck due to tumor growth affecting blood flow.

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Risk Factors

The leading risk factor for lung cancer is tobacco smoking, responsible for around 85% of cases, with both active and secondhand smoke contributing to the risk. Radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive substance, is the second-leading cause, particularly in homes with high levels of exposure. Additional risk factors include occupational exposures (e.g., asbestos, diesel fumes), family history, and air pollution.

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Subtypes of

Lung Cancer

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
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NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and is divided into several subtypes based on thecells' appearance and characteristics.

Subtypes:
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  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma)
  • Large Cell Carcinoma• Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
  • Pleomorphic Carcinoma
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
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SCLC is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer, accounting for about 15% of all lung cancers. It is strongly associated with smoking and tends to grow and spread quickly.

Subtypes:

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  • Classic Small Cell Carcinoma (Oat Cell & Mixed Small Cell/Non-Small Cell)
  • Combined Small Cell Carcinoma
Carcinoid Tumors
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Carcinoid tumors are a rare form of neuroendocrine tumor that can develop in the lungs. They are generally slow growing and tend to have a better prognosis than small cell carcinoma or other NSCLC subtypes

Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Tumors
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Pulmonary sarcomatoid tumors are rare, aggressive cancers that originate in the connective tissue of the lungs. They often have poor prognoses and can resemble sarcoma, rather than carcinoma.

Mesothelioma
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While not a traditional lung cancer, mesothelioma affects the lining of the lungs (pleura) and is caused primarily by exposure to asbestos. It can be diagnosed as a type of cancer related to the lungs due to its proximity to the lung tissue.

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.