Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a group of malignancies that arise in the prostate gland, with different types and subtypes based on cellular appearance, molecular genetics, and behavior. The most common type of prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma, but there are other rare subtypes.

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Symptoms

In its early stages, prostate cancer often shows no symptoms, which is why it’s commonly detected through screening. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include difficulty urinating, frequent urination at night, painful urination, and blood in urine or semen. In advanced cases, pelvic pain, erectile dysfunction, and bone pain from metastasis may occur.

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Risk Factors

The primary risk factor for prostate cancer is age, as the risk increases significantly after the age of 50, with most cases diagnosed in men over 65. A family history of prostate cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives, raises the risk, as does having African American heritage, which is associated with a higher likelihood of developing more aggressive forms. Dietary factors, such as high-fat intake, and obesity have also been linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer.

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Subtypes of

Prostate Cancer

Adenocarcinoma (Prostatic Adenocarcinoma)
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The most common type of prostate cancer, accounting for about 95% of cases. It arises from the glandular cells inthe prostate, which produce fluid that is part of semen.

Subtypes:
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  • Acinar Adenocarcinoma
  • Ductal Adenocarcinoma
  • Signet Ring Adenocarcinoma
  • Mucinous (Colloid) Adenocarcinoma
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate
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A rare and aggressive form of prostate cancer that accounts for only 1-2% of all prostate cancer cases. It is typically diagnosed at a later stage and tends to be more resistant to standard prostate cancer treatments.

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Subtypes:

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  • Pure Small Cell Carcinoma
  • Combined Small Cell Carcinoma

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Neuroendocrine Tumors (Prostate Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)
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A rare subtype of prostate cancer that originates in the neuroendocrine cells of the prostate, which are responsible for hormone secretion. These tumors can be either well-differentiated or poorly differentiated and often behave aggressively.
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Subtypes:
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  • Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors
  • Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate
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A rare form of prostate cancer that originates in the squamous cells (flat cells) of the prostate. It is often associated with advanced or recurrent prostate cancer and is more aggressive than adenocarcinoma.

Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Prostate
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A rare form of prostate cancer that arises from the transitional epithelial cells of the prostate. It is more common in the bladder but can occur in the prostate, typically after having a history of bladder cancer.

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Subtypes:

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  • Low-Grade TCC
  • High-Grade TCC
Variant Forms
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These can include prostate cancer that has transformed into other types or more aggressive forms, particularly inthe context of advanced disease:

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Subtypes:

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  • Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)
  • Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.