Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignancy that originates in the stomach lining. It is categorized into several types and subtypes, each with distinct characteristics, risk factors, and symptoms. Below is an overview of these types and subtypes, along with their associated risk factors and symptoms.

Symptoms

Stomach cancer often presents with symptoms that can be easily mistaken for less serious conditions. Early signs may include persistent indigestion, heartburn, and a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts. As the disease progresses, can include unexplained weight loss, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting (sometimes with blood), and difficulty swallowing. Advanced stages can include swelling or fluid buildup in the abdomen, blood in the stool (which may appear dark or black), and fatigue due to anemia.

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Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing stomach cancer. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria is a significant risk factor, as it can lead to inflammation and changes in the stomach lining. A diet including high intake of salty and smoked foods, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption have been linked to an increased risk. A family history of stomach cancer, certain genetic conditions, and previous stomach surgeries can contribute to a higher risk.

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Subtypes of

Stomach Cancer

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach

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Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer, accounting for nearly all cases. It originates in the glandular cells of the stomach lining. Risk factors include chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, dietary factors such as high salt intake and low fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking, and a family history of stomach cancer. Symptoms may include indigestion, stomach pain, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Subtypes:

Intestinal Type

Diffuse Type
Signet Ring

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)

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GISTs are tumors that originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. While they can occurany where in the digestive tract, they are rare in the colon and rectum.

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Subtypes:
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KIT Positive GISTs
PDGFRA Positive GISTs

Carcinoid Tumors of the stomach

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Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine tumors that can develop in the stomach. Risk factors include chronic atrophic gastritis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Symptoms may include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Subtypes:

Types: I, II, & III

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare type of stomach cancer that originates in the flat cells lining the stomach. Risk factors are not well-defined but may include chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. Symptoms can include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach

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Leiomyosarcoma is a rare cancer that originates from the smooth muscle cells in the stomach. This tumor type is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. It is part of a broader category of sarcomas, which are cancers of the connective tissues.

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.