Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, refers to cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is the most common type of uterine cancer and typically affects postmenopausal women, although it can occur in younger women as well. Endometrial cancer is classified into different types and subtypes based on its histological appearance and other factors.

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Symptoms

Uterine cancer, primarily endometrial cancer, often presents with symptoms like abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopausal bleeding or spotting between periods. Pelvic pain, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and pain during intercourse may also occur. Changes in bowel or urinary habits, such as increased urgency or discomfort, can happen if the tumor presses on nearby organs. Early stages may show no symptoms, making regular gynecological check-ups crucial, especially for high-risk women.

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Risk Factors

Several factors increase a woman's risk of uterine cancer, including age (especially after 50), high estrogen levels from hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, or conditions like PCOS. Women who’ve never been pregnant or have infertility issues are also at higher risk. A family history of uterine, colorectal, or ovarian cancers, particularly with Lynch syndrome, increases risk. Additionally, a history of endometrial hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, or high blood pressure raises the likelihood of developing uterine cancer.

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Subtypes of

Uterine Cancer

Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma
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Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most common type of endometrial cancer, accounting for around 75-80% of all cases. This type is characterized by the growth of cancerous glandular cells that resemble the normal endometrial tissue.

Subtypes:

  • Grade 1 (Well-Differentiated)
  • Grade 2 (Moderately Differentiated)
  • Grade 3 (Poorly Differentiated)
Serous Carcinoma
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Serous carcinoma is a more aggressive form of endometrial cancer that accounts for about 10-15% of endometrial cancers. It is more likely to spread outside the uterus and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.

Subtypes:

  • High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
  • Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Clear Cell Carcinoma
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Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium is a rare and aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer, representing about 5-10% of all cases. This type is more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a higher risk of recurrence.

Subtypes:

  • Endometrial Clear Cell Carcinoma
  • Clear Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Features
Mucinous Carcinoma
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Mucinous carcinoma is a rare subtype of endometrial cancer, accounting for around 2-3% of all cases. It is characterized by the production of mucus by the cancer cells, which can be observed under a microscope.

Carcinosarcoma (Mixed Mullerian Tumor)
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Carcinosarcoma, also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, is a rare and aggressive form of endometrial cancer that contains both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (connective tissue) components. It accounts for about 2-5% of all endometrial cancers.

Subtypes:

  • Carcinosarcoma of the Endometrium
  • High-Grade Carcinosarcoma
Neuroendocrine Tumors
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Neuroendocrine tumors of the endometrium are very rare, representing a small proportion of all endometrial cancers. These tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells that have both nerve and endocrine (hormone-producing) properties.

Subtypes:

  • Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumor: These tumors are slower-growing and less aggressive.
  • High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumor
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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.