Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal cancer is rare and typically occurs when cells in the vaginal lining become abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Vaginal cancer usually develops in the squamous cells (the thin, flat cells lining the vaginal wall) but can also originate from glandular cells in some cases. This type of cancer is most commonly seen in women over the age of 60, but it can occur at any age.

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Symptoms

Vaginal cancer symptoms vary by type and stage. Early stages may have no noticeable symptoms, but as the cancer progresses, women may experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after sex or menopause. Unusual vaginal discharge, which may be watery, bloody, or foul-smelling, is common. Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) and pelvic pressure may occur. In advanced stages, a lump or mass may be felt, and changes in vaginal tissue appearance, such as thickening or color changes, may occur.

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Risk Factors

Risk factors for vaginal cancer include HPV infection, particularly high-risk strains like HPV 16 and 18. Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero increases the risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma. Age, smoking, and a weakened immune system (e.g., from HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive treatments) also raise the risk. A history of cervical or vulvar cancer and chronic conditions like lichen sclerosis can contribute. Women with persistent HPV infections or a family history of cancer are at higher risk.

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Subtypes of

Vaginal Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (vaginal)
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Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of vaginal cancer, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. It originates from the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that line the vaginal wall.

Subtypes:

  • Non-keratinizing SCC
  • Keratinizing SCC
Adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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Adenocarcinoma of the vagina is a rare type of vaginal cancer that originates from the glandular cells in the vaginal lining, which are responsible for producing mucus. Adenocarcinomas typically occur in the upper part of the vagina, and this type of cancer is often associated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure.

Subtypes:

  • Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
  • Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Vaginal melanoma
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Vaginal melanoma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that arises from the melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) in the vaginal tissue. Melanoma of the vagina tends to present at a more advanced stage compared to other vaginal cancers and is typically more aggressive. It is characterized by darkly pigmented tumors and has a higher likelihood of spreading to other organs.

Other Rare Vaginal Tumors
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There are other rare forms of vaginal cancer that do not fit into the above categories.

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Small Cell Neuroendocrine Tumors
  • Transitional Cell Carcinoma
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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including theirtypes, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture everypossible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types andsubtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type,individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educationalpurposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.